Alcohol is the leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Since the safe or minimum amount of alcohol is unknown, complete abstinence from alcohol use is recommended for pregnant women or women planning to become pregnant.¹ Nationwide, about 1 in 12 pregnant women claims alcohol use and about 1 in 30 pregnant women reports binge drinking (having five or more drinks at one time).² For Hawaii, PRAMS reported that prevalence use of alcohol during the first 3 months of pregnancy decreased from 42.1% to 40.3% from 2001 to 2002. Likewise, prevalence use of alcohol during the last 3 months of pregnancy from 2001 to 2002 decreased from 4.5% to 3.6%.³ Alcohol-related birth defects is 100% preventable if women do not drink alcohol while pregnant.

Almost 3 percent of pregnant women use illegal drugs such as marijuana, cocaine, ecstasy and other amphetamines, and heroin, according to a 2003 study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Drug use poses various risks for unborn babies and pregnant women. Babies exposed to illegal drugs can have low birth weight, withdrawal symptoms, birth defects, or learning or behavioral problems.4 Similar to alcohol use, birth defects and other problems resulting from illegal drugs are 100% preventable if women stop before becoming pregnant.

¹, ³ CDC. (2006, August). 2002 PRAMS surveillance report: Multistate exhibits alcohol use. Retrieved on April 2, 2007 from http://www.cdc.gov/prams/2002PRAMSSurvReport/MultiStateExhibits/Multistates12.htm

² CDC. (2006, June.) Surgeon General's advisory on alcohol use in pregnancy. Retrieved on April 2, 2007 from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fas/documents/Released%20Advisory.pdf

4 March of Dimes (2007). Illicit drug use during pregnancy. Fact Sheet. Retrieved on April 2, 2007 from http://www.marchofdimes.com/professionals/14332_1169.asp

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